Galileo orbiter1/8/2024 At launch, the orbiter and probe together had a mass of 2,562 kg (5,648 lb) and stood 6.15 m (20.2 ft) tall. NASA's Ames Research Center managed the atmospheric probe, which was built by Hughes Aircraft Company. West Germany 's Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm supplied the propulsion module. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory built the Galileo spacecraft and managed the Galileo mission for NASA. The new name was adopted in February 1978. It was also noted that the name was that of a spacecraft in the Star Trek television show. His 1610 discovery of what is now known as the Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter was important evidence of the Copernican model of the solar system. He solicited suggestions for a more inspirational name for the project, and the most votes went to "Galileo" after Galileo Galilei, the first person to view Jupiter through a telescope. Casani, who had headed the Mariner and Voyager projects, became the first project manager. A Mariner weighed 722 kilograms (1,592 lb) compared to just 146 kilograms (322 lb) for a Pioneer. This allowed it to take high-resolution images, but the functionality came at a cost of increased weight. There was also an inertial reference unit and an accelerometer. Attitude was determined with reference to the Sun and Canopus, which were monitored with two primary and four secondary sensors. By contrast, Mariner had an attitude control system with three gyroscopes and two sets of six nitrogen jet thrusters. Pioneer was stabilized by spinning the spacecraft at 60 rpm, which gave a 360-degree view of the surroundings, and did not require an attitude control system. In the Vertical Processing Facility (VPF), Galileo is prepared for mating with the Inertial Upper Stage booster.Īn important decision made at this time was to use a Mariner program spacecraft like that used for Voyager for the Jupiter orbiter, rather than a Pioneer. The next orbiter to be sent to Jupiter was Juno, which arrived on July 5, 2016. Galileo was intentionally destroyed in Jupiter's atmosphere on September 21, 2003. One section of the spacecraft rotated at 3 revolutions per minute, keeping Galileo stable and holding six instruments that gathered data from many different directions, including the fields and particles instruments. Spacecraft are normally stabilized either by spinning around a fixed axis or by maintaining a fixed orientation with reference to the Sun and a star. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory built the Galileo spacecraft and managed the Galileo program for NASA. Galileo arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, after gravitational assist flybys of Venus and Earth, and became the first spacecraft to orbit an outer planet. It was delivered into Earth orbit on Octoby Space Shuttle Atlantis. Named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, it consisted of an orbiter and an entry probe. Galileo was an American robotic space probe that studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as the asteroids Gaspra and Ida. Orbiter: 570 watts at launch, 493 watts on arrival, 410 watts at end-of-life.
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